kyleandClaude Opus 5.5
a14b1b0dc9
PowerShell script for servers using Windows Server Backup, run hourly as a SYSTEM scheduled task under Windows PowerShell 5.1. Each server is one dashboard job. - Backup jobs from Get-WBJob (in progress and -Previous) within the lookback window; restores are ignored. WSB jobs have no ID, so runs are keyed on start time, which also merges a Running report with the finished one - Error HRESULT -> failed; detailed error or a failed item -> warning; messages include the error description, codes as 0x8XXXXXXX, failed items and the failure log path - Next run from Get-WBSummary's NextBackupTime - Get-WsbCollectorDiagnostics.ps1 dumps the cmdlets' real objects and recent Microsoft-Windows-Backup events (to check whether job times are local or UTC); installer adapted from the MARS one Not yet run against a real server. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
351 lines
14 KiB
PowerShell
351 lines
14 KiB
PowerShell
<#
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.SYNOPSIS
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Reports Windows Server Backup (WSB) results to the Backup Dashboard.
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.DESCRIPTION
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Runs on a server with the Windows Server Backup feature, normally as a SYSTEM scheduled task
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every 60 minutes (see Install-WsbCollector.ps1). The server appears on the dashboard as one job.
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Each run sends:
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- the next scheduled backup (Get-WBSummary's NextBackupTime), which drives the dashboard's
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Overdue flag, and
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- every backup from the last LookbackHours that the dashboard hasn't already received in its
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final state. A backup in progress is sent as Running until it finishes.
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WSB jobs have no ID, so a run is identified by its start time. Already-reported runs are
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tracked in a state file, and the ingest API is idempotent, so a failed or repeated run is
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harmless: anything not confirmed is retried next time.
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Written for Windows PowerShell 5.1, which the WindowsServerBackup module targets.
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.PARAMETER ConfigPath
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JSON config with ApiUrl, ApiKey and Tenant (optional: JobName, SourceSystem, LookbackHours).
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.PARAMETER LookbackHours
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Overrides the config value. Use 720 once to backfill 30 days of history.
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.PARAMETER DryRun
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Print the payloads instead of sending them. Doesn't touch the state or log files.
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.EXAMPLE
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.\Send-WsbBackupStatus.ps1 -DryRun
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.EXAMPLE
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.\Send-WsbBackupStatus.ps1 -LookbackHours 720
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#>
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[CmdletBinding()]
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param(
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[string]$ConfigPath = (Join-Path $env:ProgramData 'BackupDashboard\wsb-collector.json'),
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[int]$LookbackHours = 0,
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[switch]$DryRun
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)
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$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
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$DataDir = Split-Path -Parent $ConfigPath
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$LogPath = Join-Path $DataDir 'wsb-collector.log'
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$StatePath = Join-Path $DataDir 'wsb-collector.state.json'
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$MaxLogBytes = 5MB
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# Covers 30 days at several backups a day
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$MaxPreviousJobs = 200
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$Invariant = [Globalization.CultureInfo]::InvariantCulture
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# ---------- Helpers ----------
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function Write-Log {
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param([string]$Message, [string]$Level = 'INFO')
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$line = '{0} [{1}] {2}' -f (Get-Date).ToString('yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'), $Level, $Message
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Write-Host $line
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if ($DryRun) { return }
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if ((Test-Path $LogPath) -and (Get-Item $LogPath).Length -gt $MaxLogBytes) {
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Move-Item $LogPath "$LogPath.1" -Force
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}
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Add-Content -Path $LogPath -Value $line -Encoding UTF8
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}
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function Get-ErrorText($ErrorRecord) {
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# Windows PowerShell puts the HTTP response body (e.g. the API's 422 explanation) here
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if ($ErrorRecord.ErrorDetails -and $ErrorRecord.ErrorDetails.Message) {
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return "$($ErrorRecord.Exception.Message) $($ErrorRecord.ErrorDetails.Message)"
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}
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return $ErrorRecord.Exception.Message
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}
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# The API needs an explicit UTC offset. DateTimeOffset keeps a Local/Unspecified time as local and a
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# Utc time as +00:00.
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function ConvertTo-IsoTime($Value) {
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if ($null -eq $Value) { return $null }
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$dt = [datetime]$Value
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if ($dt.Year -le 1900) { return $null } # "not set" (DateTime.MinValue and friends)
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return ([DateTimeOffset]$dt).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:sszzz", $Invariant)
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}
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# First property of $Object, out of $Names, that exists and isn't empty. The WSB object model isn't
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# fully documented, so reads go through this rather than assuming one spelling.
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function Get-FirstValue($Object, [string[]]$Names) {
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if ($null -eq $Object) { return $null }
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foreach ($name in $Names) {
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try {
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$prop = $Object.PSObject.Properties[$name]
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if (-not $prop) { continue }
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$value = $prop.Value
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# Check emptiness by type: casting to [string] would make a one-item list of objects ''
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if ($null -eq $value) { continue }
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if ($value -is [string] -and $value -eq '') { continue }
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if ($value -is [Collections.ICollection] -and $value.Count -eq 0) { continue }
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return $value
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} catch { }
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}
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return $null
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}
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function Import-Wsb {
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if (Get-Command Get-WBJob -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) { return } # already loaded
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# Present only when the Windows Server Backup feature (with its command-line tools) is installed
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Import-Module WindowsServerBackup
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}
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# ---------- Jobs ----------
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function Get-JobTime($Job, [string]$Field) {
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$value = Get-FirstValue $Job @($Field)
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if ($null -eq $value) { return $null }
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$dt = [datetime]$value
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if ($dt.Year -le 1900) { return $null } # e.g. EndTime while a backup is running
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return $dt
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}
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# HRESULTs as numbers; 0 = OK. $null when the job doesn't have the property.
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function Get-HResult($Object, [string]$Field) {
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$value = Get-FirstValue $Object @($Field)
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if ($null -eq $value) { return $null }
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return [long]$value
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}
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function Format-HResult([long]$Value) {
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if ($Value -lt 0) { $Value += 4294967296 } # show as the familiar unsigned 0x8XXXXXXX
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return '0x{0:X8}' -f $Value
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}
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function Get-JobItems($Job) {
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return @(Get-FirstValue $Job @('JobItems', 'Items') | Where-Object { $_ })
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}
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function Get-ItemName($Item) {
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$name = Get-FirstValue $Item @('Name', 'VolumeLabel', 'MountPath', 'Path', 'Type')
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if ($name) { return [string]$name }
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return 'Item'
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}
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# Items (volumes, system state, ...) that reported an error
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function Get-FailedItems($Job) {
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return @(Get-JobItems $Job | Where-Object {
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$hr = Get-HResult $_ 'HResult'
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$state = [string](Get-FirstValue $_ @('State', 'JobState'))
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($hr -and $hr -ne 0) -or $state -match 'Fail'
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})
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}
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function Get-RunStatus($Job) {
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$state = [string](Get-FirstValue $Job @('JobState', 'State'))
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if (-not (Get-JobTime $Job 'EndTime') -and $state -notmatch 'Complet|Fail|Cancel|Abort|Stop|Succe') {
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return 'running'
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}
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if ($state -match 'Fail') { return 'failed' }
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if ($state -match 'Cancel|Abort|Stop') { return 'warning' }
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$hr = Get-HResult $Job 'HResult'
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if ($hr -and $hr -ne 0) { return 'failed' }
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# Overall success but something underneath went wrong (e.g. a volume or files skipped)
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$detailed = Get-HResult $Job 'DetailedHResult'
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if (($detailed -and $detailed -ne 0) -or (Get-FailedItems $Job).Count) { return 'warning' }
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if (-not $state -or $state -match 'Complet|Succe') { return 'success' }
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return 'warning' # finished in a state we don't recognise: surface it rather than hide it
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}
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function Get-RunMessage($Job, [string]$Status) {
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$lines = New-Object 'System.Collections.Generic.List[string]'
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$state = [string](Get-FirstValue $Job @('JobState', 'State'))
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$description = Get-FirstValue $Job @('ErrorDescription', 'DetailedMessage')
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if ($description) { $lines.Add(([string]$description).Trim()) }
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$hr = Get-HResult $Job 'HResult'
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$detailed = Get-HResult $Job 'DetailedHResult'
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if (($hr -and $hr -ne 0) -or ($detailed -and $detailed -ne 0)) {
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$codes = @()
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if ($hr -and $hr -ne 0) { $codes += "error $(Format-HResult $hr)" }
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if ($detailed -and $detailed -ne 0) { $codes += "detailed error $(Format-HResult $detailed)" }
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$lines.Add('Windows Server Backup reported ' + ($codes -join ', ') + '.')
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}
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foreach ($item in Get-FailedItems $Job) {
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$itemError = Get-FirstValue $item @('ErrorDescription', 'DetailedMessage')
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$itemHr = Get-HResult $item 'HResult'
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$line = "$(Get-ItemName $item) - " # names are often volumes like "D:", so no colon
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if ($itemError) { $line += ([string]$itemError).Trim() }
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elseif ($itemHr) { $line += "error $(Format-HResult $itemHr)" }
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else { $line += [string](Get-FirstValue $item @('State', 'JobState')) }
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$lines.Add($line)
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}
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if ($Status -ne 'success') {
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$failureLog = Get-FirstValue $Job @('FailureLogPath')
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if ($failureLog) { $lines.Add("Failure log: $failureLog") }
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}
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if ($lines.Count -eq 0) {
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switch ($Status) {
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'success' { return 'Backup completed successfully.' }
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'running' { return '' }
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default { return "Backup finished with state '$state'." }
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}
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}
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# WSB reports "Completed" even for a backup that failed with an error code, so only mention
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# the state when it says something else (e.g. cancelled)
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if ($state -and $Status -ne 'success' -and $state -notmatch 'Complet') { $lines.Insert(0, "Job state: $state") }
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return ($lines -join "`n")
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}
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function ConvertTo-Run($Job) {
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$status = Get-RunStatus $Job
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$details = [ordered]@{ server = $env:COMPUTERNAME }
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$items = @(Get-JobItems $Job | ForEach-Object { Get-ItemName $_ })
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if ($items.Count) { $details.items = $items }
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$state = Get-FirstValue $Job @('JobState', 'State')
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if ($state) { $details.wsb_state = [string]$state }
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$version = Get-FirstValue $Job @('VersionId')
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if ($version) { $details.version_id = [string]$version }
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# No external_id: WSB jobs have no ID, so the API keys the run on started_at
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$run = [ordered]@{
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status = $status
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started_at = ConvertTo-IsoTime (Get-JobTime $Job 'StartTime')
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message = Get-RunMessage $Job $status
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details = $details
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}
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if ($status -ne 'running') {
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$finished = ConvertTo-IsoTime (Get-JobTime $Job 'EndTime')
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if ($finished) { $run.finished_at = $finished } # otherwise the API uses receipt time
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}
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return $run
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}
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function Test-IsBackupJob($Job) {
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# Get-WBJob also lists recoveries; only backups belong on the dashboard
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$type = [string](Get-FirstValue $Job @('JobType', 'Type'))
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return (-not $type) -or $type -match 'Backup'
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}
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function Get-NextRun {
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try {
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$summary = Get-WBSummary
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return ConvertTo-IsoTime (Get-FirstValue $summary @('NextBackupTime'))
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} catch {
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Write-Log "Couldn't read the backup summary: $(Get-ErrorText $_)" 'WARN'
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return $null
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}
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}
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function Send-Report($Body) {
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$json = $Body | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 6 -Compress
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if ($DryRun) {
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Write-Host $json
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return
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}
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# Send bytes: Windows PowerShell would otherwise encode a string body as Latin-1
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$params = @{
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Uri = "$($Config.ApiUrl.TrimEnd('/'))/api/v1/ingest"
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Method = 'Post'
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Headers = @{ Authorization = "Bearer $($Config.ApiKey)" }
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ContentType = 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
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Body = [Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($json)
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TimeoutSec = 30
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}
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Invoke-RestMethod @params | Out-Null
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}
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# ---------- Main ----------
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try {
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$Config = Get-Content -Path $ConfigPath -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
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foreach ($key in 'ApiUrl', 'ApiKey', 'Tenant') {
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if (-not $Config.$key) { throw "Config $ConfigPath is missing '$key'" }
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}
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$SourceSystem = if ($Config.SourceSystem) { [string]$Config.SourceSystem } else { 'Windows Server Backup' }
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$JobName = if ($Config.JobName) { [string]$Config.JobName } else { "$env:COMPUTERNAME - Windows Server Backup" }
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if ($LookbackHours -le 0) {
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$LookbackHours = if ($Config.LookbackHours) { [int]$Config.LookbackHours } else { 48 }
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}
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# Windows PowerShell 5.1 may default to TLS 1.0
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[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
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Import-Wsb
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# Run start time (ISO, as sent) -> Unix seconds, for runs already delivered in their final state
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$sent = @{}
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if (Test-Path $StatePath) {
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$saved = Get-Content -Path $StatePath -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
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if ($saved) { foreach ($p in $saved.PSObject.Properties) { $sent[$p.Name] = [long]$p.Value } }
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}
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$since = (Get-Date).AddHours(-$LookbackHours)
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# Get-WBJob with no arguments returns the job in progress (if any); -Previous lists finished ones
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$jobs = @(@(Get-WBJob) + @(Get-WBJob -Previous $MaxPreviousJobs) | Where-Object {
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$_ -and (Test-IsBackupJob $_) -and (Get-JobTime $_ 'StartTime')
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})
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$byStart = [ordered]@{}
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foreach ($job in $jobs) {
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$start = Get-JobTime $job 'StartTime'
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if ($start -lt $since) { continue }
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$byStart[(ConvertTo-IsoTime $start)] = $job # a job in both lists: the finished entry (later) wins
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}
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$pending = @($byStart.Keys | Sort-Object | Where-Object { -not $sent.ContainsKey($_) } |
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ForEach-Object { $byStart[$_] })
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$jobInfo = [ordered]@{
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# Stable per server, so renaming the dashboard job via JobName doesn't create a new one
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external_id = "wsb:$($env:COMPUTERNAME.ToLowerInvariant())"
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name = $JobName
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# Always sent (null when unscheduled) so the dashboard's value tracks WSB's
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next_run_at = Get-NextRun
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}
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} catch {
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Write-Log "Collector setup failed: $(Get-ErrorText $_)" 'ERROR'
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exit 2
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}
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$failures = 0
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$runsSent = 0
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try {
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if ($pending.Count -eq 0) {
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# Keep next_run_at fresh even when nothing new ran
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Send-Report ([ordered]@{ tenant = $Config.Tenant; source_system = $SourceSystem; job = $jobInfo })
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}
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foreach ($job in $pending) {
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$run = ConvertTo-Run $job
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Send-Report ([ordered]@{ tenant = $Config.Tenant; source_system = $SourceSystem; job = $jobInfo; run = $run })
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$runsSent++
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if ($run.status -ne 'running') {
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$sent[$run.started_at] = ([DateTimeOffset](Get-JobTime $job 'StartTime')).ToUnixTimeSeconds()
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}
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}
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} catch {
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$failures++
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Write-Log "Failed to report: $(Get-ErrorText $_)" 'ERROR'
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}
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if (-not $DryRun) {
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# Forget runs that have aged out of the lookback window (plus a day of slack)
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$cutoff = [DateTimeOffset]::Now.AddHours(-$LookbackHours - 24).ToUnixTimeSeconds()
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$keep = [ordered]@{}
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foreach ($key in $sent.Keys) {
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if ($sent[$key] -ge $cutoff) { $keep[$key] = $sent[$key] }
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}
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try {
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$keep | ConvertTo-Json -Compress | Set-Content -Path $StatePath -Encoding UTF8
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} catch {
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Write-Log "Couldn't save state file: $(Get-ErrorText $_)" 'WARN'
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}
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}
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Write-Log ("Reported {0} runs, {1} failures" -f $runsSent, $failures)
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if ($failures) { exit 1 }
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