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<#
.SYNOPSIS
Read-only report of how Veeam jobs and sessions relate, for troubleshooting the collector.
.DESCRIPTION
The collector matches sessions to jobs by Session.JobId = Job.Id. When a job shows as
"Unknown" on the dashboard, no session matched. This lists:
1. every job from Get-VBRJob and how many sessions matched it
2. sessions whose JobId matches no job (the runs that are going missing)
3. for jobs with no matching sessions, their type/link-related properties and methods
4. what other job cmdlets (e.g. Get-VBRBackupCopyJob) return
Nothing is changed in Veeam or the dashboard. Output is also saved to a text file.
.EXAMPLE
.\Get-VeeamCollectorDiagnostics.ps1
.EXAMPLE
.\Get-VeeamCollectorDiagnostics.ps1 -LookbackHours 168
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[int]$LookbackHours = 48,
[string]$OutFile = (Join-Path $env:TEMP 'veeam-collector-diagnostics.txt')
)
$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
$LinkPattern = 'Parent|Linked|Worker|Child|Policy|Source|Target|Type|Cloud|Mode|Session'
if (-not (Get-Command Get-VBRJob -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
if (Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name Veeam.Backup.PowerShell) {
Import-Module Veeam.Backup.PowerShell -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
} else {
Add-PSSnapin VeeamPSSnapin
}
}
function Format-Value($Value) {
if ($null -eq $Value) { return '<null>' }
$text = ($Value | ForEach-Object { [string]$_ }) -join ', '
if ($text.Length -gt 120) { $text = $text.Substring(0, 117) + '...' }
return $text
}
# Property and method names matching $LinkPattern, with property values. Every read is guarded:
# some Veeam properties throw when accessed.
function Show-LinkMembers($Object) {
foreach ($p in $Object.PSObject.Properties | Where-Object { $_.Name -match $LinkPattern }) {
$value = try { Format-Value $p.Value } catch { "<error: $($_.Exception.Message)>" }
' {0} = {1}' -f $p.Name, $value
}
$methods = @($Object | Get-Member -MemberType Methods -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue |
Where-Object { $_.Name -match $LinkPattern } | ForEach-Object Name)
if ($methods) { ' methods: ' + ($methods -join ', ') }
}
function Get-Prop($Object, [string]$Name) {
try { Format-Value $Object.$Name } catch { '<error>' }
}
$report = & {
$vbrVersion = try {
(Get-Item (Join-Path ${env:ProgramFiles} 'Veeam\Backup and Replication\Backup\Veeam.Backup.Core.dll')).VersionInfo.ProductVersion
} catch { 'unknown' }
"Generated $(Get-Date -Format o) on $env:COMPUTERNAME, VBR $vbrVersion, PowerShell $($PSVersionTable.PSVersion)"
"Lookback: $LookbackHours hours"
''
$since = (Get-Date).AddHours(-$LookbackHours)
$jobs = @(Get-VBRJob -WarningAction SilentlyContinue)
$sessions = @(Get-VBRBackupSession -WarningAction SilentlyContinue | Where-Object { $_.CreationTime -ge $since })
$jobIds = @{}
foreach ($j in $jobs) { $jobIds[$j.Id.ToString()] = $j }
'== 1. Jobs from Get-VBRJob'
$jobs | ForEach-Object {
$id = $_.Id.ToString()
[pscustomobject]@{
Name = $_.Name
JobType = Get-Prop $_ 'JobType'
TypeToString = Get-Prop $_ 'TypeToString'
Id = $id
MatchingSessions = @($sessions | Where-Object { $_.JobId.ToString() -eq $id }).Count
}
} | Format-Table -AutoSize | Out-String -Width 300
'== 2. Sessions whose JobId matches no job from Get-VBRJob'
$orphans = @($sessions | Where-Object { -not $jobIds.ContainsKey($_.JobId.ToString()) })
if ($orphans.Count -eq 0) {
' (none)'
} else {
$orphans | Group-Object { $_.JobId.ToString() } | ForEach-Object {
$latest = $_.Group | Sort-Object CreationTime | Select-Object -Last 1
[pscustomobject]@{
JobId = $_.Name
JobName = Get-Prop $latest 'JobName'
JobType = Get-Prop $latest 'JobType'
Sessions = $_.Count
LatestStart = $latest.CreationTime
State = Get-Prop $latest 'State'
Result = Get-Prop $latest 'Result'
}
} | Format-Table -AutoSize | Out-String -Width 300
' Link-related members of one orphan session:'
Show-LinkMembers $orphans[0]
''
' Job object for that session (via GetJob(), if available):'
try {
$owner = $orphans[0].GetJob()
' Name = {0}, Id = {1}' -f (Get-Prop $owner 'Name'), (Get-Prop $owner 'Id')
Show-LinkMembers $owner
} catch {
" not available: $($_.Exception.Message)"
}
}
''
'== 3. Jobs with no matching sessions in the window'
$empty = @($jobs | Where-Object { $id = $_.Id.ToString(); -not ($sessions | Where-Object { $_.JobId.ToString() -eq $id }) })
if ($empty.Count -eq 0) { ' (none)' }
foreach ($j in $empty) {
" $($j.Name) [$($j.Id)]"
Show-LinkMembers $j
try {
$last = $j.FindLastSession()
if ($last) {
' FindLastSession(): JobId = {0}, JobName = {1}, Start = {2}, Result = {3}' -f `
(Get-Prop $last 'JobId'), (Get-Prop $last 'JobName'), $last.CreationTime, (Get-Prop $last 'Result')
} else {
' FindLastSession(): <null>'
}
} catch {
" FindLastSession(): not available: $($_.Exception.Message)"
}
''
}
'== 4. Other job cmdlets'
foreach ($cmd in 'Get-VBRBackupCopyJob', 'Get-VBRComputerBackupCopyJob', 'Get-VBRComputerBackupJob') {
if (-not (Get-Command $cmd -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) { " ${cmd}: not available"; continue }
try {
$found = @(& $cmd -WarningAction SilentlyContinue)
" ${cmd}: $($found.Count) job(s)"
foreach ($f in $found) {
' {0} [{1}] Type = {2}, Mode = {3}' -f (Get-Prop $f 'Name'), (Get-Prop $f 'Id'), (Get-Prop $f 'Type'), (Get-Prop $f 'Mode')
}
} catch {
" ${cmd}: error: $($_.Exception.Message)"
}
}
} | Out-String -Width 300
$report
$report | Set-Content -Path $OutFile -Encoding UTF8
Write-Host "Saved to $OutFile"
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<#
.SYNOPSIS
Installs the Veeam collector on a VBR server as a SYSTEM scheduled task.
.DESCRIPTION
- Copies Send-VeeamBackupStatus.ps1 to Program Files (only admins can modify it, which
matters because it runs as SYSTEM).
- Writes the config to ProgramData\BackupDashboard and restricts that folder to SYSTEM and
Administrators, since it contains the API key.
- Registers a scheduled task that runs every IntervalMinutes under PowerShell 7 (pwsh.exe),
which the Veeam module on VBR 13 expects. Install PowerShell 7 machine-wide (MSI or winget)
first: Microsoft Store installs can't be run by SYSTEM.
Safe to re-run to change settings or update the script.
.EXAMPLE
.\Install-VeeamCollector.ps1 -ApiUrl https://backups.example.com -Tenant "Acme Corp"
(prompts for the API key)
#>
#Requires -RunAsAdministrator
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory)][string]$ApiUrl,
[Parameter(Mandatory)][string]$Tenant,
[string]$SourceSystem = 'Veeam B&R',
[ValidateRange(5, 1440)][int]$IntervalMinutes = 15,
[ValidateRange(1, 720)][int]$LookbackHours = 48,
[string]$InstallDir = (Join-Path $env:ProgramFiles 'BackupDashboard'),
# Defaults to the machine-wide PowerShell 7 install
[string]$PwshPath
)
$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
$TaskName = 'Backup Dashboard - Veeam collector'
$DataDir = Join-Path $env:ProgramData 'BackupDashboard'
$ConfigPath = Join-Path $DataDir 'veeam-collector.json'
# Find PowerShell 7 before changing anything, so a missing install fails cleanly
if (-not $PwshPath) {
$PwshPath = Join-Path $env:ProgramFiles 'PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe'
if (-not (Test-Path $PwshPath)) {
$onPath = Get-Command pwsh.exe -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($onPath) { $PwshPath = $onPath.Source }
}
}
if (-not (Test-Path $PwshPath)) {
throw "PowerShell 7 not found at '$PwshPath'. Install it machine-wide (e.g. winget install Microsoft.PowerShell) or pass -PwshPath."
}
if ($PwshPath -match '\\WindowsApps\\') {
throw "'$PwshPath' is a Microsoft Store install, which the SYSTEM account can't run. Install the MSI or winget version instead."
}
$pwshVersion = & $PwshPath -NoProfile -NonInteractive -Command '$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.ToString()'
$pwshMajor = & $PwshPath -NoProfile -NonInteractive -Command '$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major'
if ($LASTEXITCODE -or ($pwshMajor -as [int]) -lt 7) {
throw "'$PwshPath' isn't a working PowerShell 7 (reported '$pwshVersion')."
}
if ($ApiUrl -notmatch '^https://') {
Write-Warning 'ApiUrl is not HTTPS: the API key would be sent in clear text.'
}
# Read the key as a SecureString so it isn't echoed to the console or kept in shell history
$secure = Read-Host -AsSecureString 'API key (from: python manage.py create-key <name>)'
$bstr = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($secure)
try { $apiKey = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringBSTR($bstr) }
finally { [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ZeroFreeBSTR($bstr) }
if (-not $apiKey.StartsWith('bdk_')) { throw "That doesn't look like a dashboard API key (expected 'bdk_...')." }
# Config folder: SYSTEM + Administrators only (SIDs so this works on non-English Windows)
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $DataDir -Force | Out-Null
& icacls.exe $DataDir /inheritance:r /grant:r '*S-1-5-18:(OI)(CI)F' '*S-1-5-32-544:(OI)(CI)F' | Out-Null
if ($LASTEXITCODE) { throw "icacls failed on $DataDir" }
[ordered]@{
ApiUrl = $ApiUrl.TrimEnd('/')
ApiKey = $apiKey
Tenant = $Tenant
SourceSystem = $SourceSystem
LookbackHours = $LookbackHours
} | ConvertTo-Json | Set-Content -Path $ConfigPath -Encoding UTF8
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $InstallDir -Force | Out-Null
$scriptPath = Join-Path $InstallDir 'Send-VeeamBackupStatus.ps1'
Copy-Item -Path (Join-Path $PSScriptRoot 'Send-VeeamBackupStatus.ps1') -Destination $scriptPath -Force
Unblock-File -Path $scriptPath
$action = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute $PwshPath `
-Argument "-NoProfile -NonInteractive -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File `"$scriptPath`""
$trigger = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Once -At (Get-Date).AddMinutes(1) `
-RepetitionInterval (New-TimeSpan -Minutes $IntervalMinutes)
$principal = New-ScheduledTaskPrincipal -UserId 'S-1-5-18' -LogonType ServiceAccount -RunLevel Highest
$settings = New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet -ExecutionTimeLimit (New-TimeSpan -Minutes 30) `
-MultipleInstances IgnoreNew -StartWhenAvailable
Register-ScheduledTask -TaskName $TaskName -Action $action -Trigger $trigger -Principal $principal `
-Settings $settings -Description 'Sends Veeam job results to the Backup Dashboard' -Force | Out-Null
Write-Host "Installed. Config: $ConfigPath"
Write-Host "Task '$TaskName' runs every $IntervalMinutes minutes as SYSTEM, using PowerShell $pwshVersion ($PwshPath)."
Write-Host ''
Write-Host 'Next steps:'
Write-Host " 1. Preview what will be sent: & '$PwshPath' -File '$scriptPath' -DryRun"
Write-Host " 2. Backfill 30 days of history: & '$PwshPath' -File '$scriptPath' -LookbackHours 720"
Write-Host " 3. Check the log: Get-Content '$DataDir\veeam-collector.log' -Tail 20"
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# Stand-ins for the Veeam cmdlets, shaped like the real objects' properties the collector reads.
# Dot-source this before running the collector to try it without a VBR server:
#
# . ./tests/MockVeeam.ps1
# ./Send-VeeamBackupStatus.ps1 -ConfigPath ./tests/config.json -DryRun
# Fixed to the top of the hour, and IDs derived from names/times, so repeated runs see the same
# jobs and sessions, like a real server
$now = Get-Date -Minute 0 -Second 0 -Millisecond 0
function New-StableGuid([string]$Seed) {
[guid]::new([Security.Cryptography.MD5]::Create().ComputeHash([Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($Seed)))
}
$notSet = Get-Date '1900-01-01'
function New-MockJob($Name, $Type, $NextRun, [bool]$Enabled = $true) {
[pscustomobject]@{
Id = New-StableGuid $Name; Name = $Name; JobType = $Type
IsScheduleEnabled = $Enabled
ScheduleOptions = [pscustomobject]@{ NextRun = $NextRun }
}
}
function New-MockSession($Job, $Start, $End, $State, $Result, $Reason = '', $Tasks = @(), $LogRecords = @(), $Size = 0) {
$s = [pscustomobject]@{
Id = New-StableGuid "$($Job.Name)|$($Start.Ticks)"; JobId = $Job.Id; JobName = $Job.Name
CreationTime = $Start; EndTime = $End; State = $State; Result = $Result
IsRetryMode = $false
Info = [pscustomobject]@{ Reason = $Reason }
BackupStats = [pscustomobject]@{ BackupSize = $Size; DataSize = $Size * 3 }
Logger = [pscustomobject]@{ Records = $LogRecords }
Tasks = $Tasks
}
$s.Logger | Add-Member ScriptMethod GetLog { [pscustomobject]@{ UpdatedRecords = $this.Records } }
$s | Add-Member ScriptMethod GetTaskSessions { $this.Tasks }
$s
}
function New-MockTask($Name, $Status, $Reason = '') {
[pscustomobject]@{ Name = $Name; Status = $Status; Info = [pscustomobject]@{ Reason = $Reason } }
}
$global:MockJobs = @(
(New-MockJob 'File Server – Nightly' 'Backup' $now.Date.AddDays(1).AddHours(22)),
# Older VBR versions return NextRun as a culture-formatted string
(New-MockJob 'SQL01 – Logs' 'Backup' $now.AddMinutes(40).ToString()),
(New-MockJob 'Offsite Copy' 'BackupSync' $null),
(New-MockJob 'Old Exchange' 'Backup' $now.AddDays(1) $false),
# VBR 12+ backup copy job (immediate mode, no schedule): the "policy" job Get-VBRJob returns
(New-MockJob 'Cloud Copy' 'SimpleBackupCopyPolicy' $null)
)
$fs, $sql, $copy, $old, $cloud = $global:MockJobs
# Its hidden worker job, one per source job. Get-VBRJob doesn't return it, and Get-VBRBackupSession
# returns only the worker's sessions. Shape taken from a real VBR 13 server.
$cloudWorker = [pscustomobject]@{
Id = New-StableGuid 'Cloud Copy\File Server – Nightly'; Name = 'Cloud Copy\File Server – Nightly'
JobType = 'SimpleBackupCopyWorker'; PolicyJobId = $cloud.Id
}
function New-MockWorkerSession($Start, $End, $Result) {
$s = New-MockSession $cloudWorker $Start $End 'Stopped' $Result -Size 40GB
$s | Add-Member ScriptMethod GetJob { $cloudWorker }
$s
}
$global:MockSessions = @(
(New-MockSession $fs $now.AddDays(-1).AddHours(-2) $now.AddDays(-1).AddHours(-1) 'Stopped' 'Success' -Size 128GB -Tasks @(
(New-MockTask 'FS01' 'Success'), (New-MockTask 'FS02' 'Success'))),
(New-MockSession $fs $now.AddMinutes(-20) $notSet 'Working' 'None' -Tasks @((New-MockTask 'FS01' 'InProgress'))),
(New-MockSession $sql $now.AddHours(-1) $now.AddMinutes(-55) 'Stopped' 'Warning' -Size 2GB `
-Tasks @((New-MockTask 'SQL01' 'Warning' 'Failed to truncate transaction logs for database "ERP_PROD"'))),
(New-MockSession $copy $now.AddHours(-5) $now.AddHours(-4) 'Stopped' 'Failed' 'Error: Unable to connect to repository NAS02' `
-LogRecords @(
[pscustomobject]@{ Title = 'Preparing backup chain'; Status = 'ESucceeded' },
[pscustomobject]@{ Title = 'Network path not found (0x80070035)'; Status = 'EFailed' })),
(New-MockSession $old $now.AddDays(-10) $now.AddDays(-10).AddHours(1) 'Stopped' 'Success'), # outside 48h lookback
(New-MockWorkerSession $now.AddDays(-1).AddMinutes(-55) $now.AddDays(-1).AddMinutes(-30) 'Success'),
(New-MockWorkerSession $now.AddMinutes(-55) $now.AddMinutes(-35) 'Warning'),
# A session from a job the collector doesn't know (e.g. deleted): must be ignored, not crash
(New-MockSession ([pscustomobject]@{ Id = New-StableGuid 'gone'; Name = 'Deleted job' }) $now.AddHours(-2) $now.AddHours(-1) 'Stopped' 'Success')
)
function Get-VBRJob { [CmdletBinding()] param() $global:MockJobs }
function Get-VBRBackupSession { [CmdletBinding()] param() $global:MockSessions }
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# Backup-Dashboard
# Veeam Backup & Replication collector
Proof of concept backup dashboard, intended to display backup jobs from multiple sources.
A PowerShell script that runs on each client's VBR server and reports job results to the dashboard.
It covers jobs returned by `Get-VBRJob`: VM backup, replication and backup copy jobs.
```
collectors ──POST /api/v1/ingest (API key)──▶ ┌──────────────┐
│ FastAPI + │
browser ──nginx (basic auth, TLS)──▶ /api/* ─▶│ SQLite │
└─ static files: public/ └──────────────┘
```
## Install (on the VBR server, as an administrator)
- `public/`: static frontend (no build step). Add `?mock=1` to the URL to use built-in sample data.
- `backend/`: FastAPI API backed by a single SQLite file.
- `deploy/`: nginx site and systemd unit.
- `collectors/`: scripts that report results from backup products ([Veeam B&R](collectors/veeam/README.md)).
## Data model
- **Tenant** (company) → **Job** → **Run**.
- A job is keyed by `(tenant, source_system, job.external_id)`, so renaming a job at the source updates it instead of creating a duplicate.
- A run has `status` (`running` | `success` | `warning` | `failed`), `started_at` and `finished_at`.
The dashboard's **Last Run** is the most recent `finished_at`. While a job is running it shows
**Running**, and Last Run still shows when the previous run finished.
- Runs older than `BACKUP_DASH_RETENTION_DAYS` (default 90, minimum 30) are purged every 6 hours.
## Reporting results (collectors)
Each collector (a script on a Veeam server, a webhook relay, etc.) gets its own API key:
Requires PowerShell 7 installed machine-wide (`winget install Microsoft.PowerShell` or the MSI),
which VBR 13's Veeam module expects. The Microsoft Store version won't work, because the SYSTEM
account can't run it. The installer checks for this before changing anything.
1. On the dashboard host, create a key for this server:
```bash
cd backend && python manage.py create-key veeam-acme
python manage.py create-key veeam-acme
```
2. Copy this folder to the VBR server and run, from PowerShell 7 (`pwsh`):
```powershell
.\Install-VeeamCollector.ps1 -ApiUrl https://backups.example.com -Tenant "Acme Corp"
```
It prompts for the key, then:
- writes `C:\ProgramData\BackupDashboard\veeam-collector.json` (readable only by SYSTEM and Administrators)
- copies the script to `C:\Program Files\BackupDashboard\`
- registers the scheduled task **Backup Dashboard - Veeam collector** (SYSTEM, every 15 minutes,
run by `C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe`; use `-PwshPath` if it's installed elsewhere)
3. Preview the payloads, then backfill 30 days so the history view is populated straight away
(from `pwsh`):
```powershell
& 'C:\Program Files\BackupDashboard\Send-VeeamBackupStatus.ps1' -DryRun
& 'C:\Program Files\BackupDashboard\Send-VeeamBackupStatus.ps1' -LookbackHours 720
```
Then it POSTs one report per run. Send `running` when a run starts (optional) and the final status
when it ends. Reports with the same `started_at` (or `run.external_id`) update the same run, and
retries are safe.
Re-run the installer to change settings or update the script. To remove the collector,
delete the scheduled task and both `BackupDashboard` folders.
```bash
curl -X POST https://backups.example.com/api/v1/ingest \
-H "Authorization: Bearer bdk_..." -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"tenant": "Acme Corp",
"source_system": "Veeam B&R",
"job": { "external_id": "4f1c…", "name": "File Server – Nightly", "next_run_at": "2026-10-05T22:00:00-04:00" },
"run": {
"status": "success",
"started_at": "2026-10-04T22:00:05-04:00",
"finished_at": "2026-10-04T22:47:12-04:00",
"message": "Job completed successfully.",
"size_bytes": 128849018880,
"details": { "repository": "REPO-01" }
}
}'
```
## What it sends
- All timestamps must include a timezone offset (`Get-Date -Format o` in PowerShell does this).
- `job.next_run_at` controls the **Overdue** flag. If you omit it, the stored value is kept. If you send `null`, it's cleared.
- `run` can be omitted to only register or update a job.
- Unknown fields are rejected (HTTP 422), so typos in collector scripts fail loudly.
## API (read)
| Endpoint | Returns |
| Dashboard | Veeam |
|---|---|
| `GET /api/v1/jobs` | All jobs with current status, `running_since`, `last_run_at`, `next_run_at` |
| `GET /api/v1/jobs/{id}` | One job, plus the last finished run's duration, size, message and details |
| `GET /api/v1/jobs/{id}/runs?days=30` | Run history (no messages), newest first |
| `GET /api/v1/runs/{id}` | One run including message and details |
| `GET /api/v1/health` | `{"status": "ok"}` |
| Company | `Tenant` from the config |
| Job | Job name. The job's GUID is the ID, so renaming a job in Veeam doesn't duplicate it |
| Status | Session result (Success / Warning / Failed). Any state other than Stopped is **Running**. A session that stopped with no result (e.g. cancelled) is reported as **Warning** |
| Started / finished | Session `CreationTime` / `EndTime` |
| Next scheduled | Job's next run. Sent as empty for disabled jobs and chained ("run after") jobs, so those are never flagged Overdue |
| Message | Session reason, each VM or object that didn't succeed, and warning/error lines from the session log |
| Size | `BackupStats.BackupSize` |
The OpenAPI schema is at `/api/v1/openapi.json`.
**Backup copy jobs (VBR 12+):** Veeam records their sessions under hidden per-source "worker" jobs.
The collector files each worker session under its copy job (via the worker's `PolicyJobId`), so a
copy job gets one run per source job it copies, with the source in `copied_from`.
## Authentication
Each run covers the last 48 hours (`LookbackHours`), so a few missed runs (server rebooting, API
down) fill in automatically. Sessions already delivered are recorded in
`veeam-collector.state.json`. Running sessions are re-sent until they finish.
- **Dashboard users:** nginx basic auth over HTTPS (`deploy/nginx.conf`). Every user can see every tenant.
*Planned:* Microsoft 365 sign-in through [oauth2-proxy](https://oauth2-proxy.github.io/oauth2-proxy/)
with the Entra ID provider and nginx `auth_request`. That's an nginx-only change. The frontend
already tells the user to reload when a session expires (HTTP 401).
- **Collectors:** per-collector bearer keys, checked by the app. Only a SHA-256 hash is stored.
To revoke one, run `python manage.py revoke-key NAME`.
## Troubleshooting
## Development
- Log: `C:\ProgramData\BackupDashboard\veeam-collector.log` (rotates at 5 MB).
- Exit codes: `0` OK, `1` some jobs failed to send (they're retried next run), `2` setup failed
(config, Veeam module, or Veeam connection).
- `API key rejected`: the key was revoked or mistyped. Re-run the installer with a new key.
- A job shows **Unknown** on the dashboard: the collector sent the job but matched no sessions to it.
Run `.\Get-VeeamCollectorDiagnostics.ps1` (read-only). It lists sessions whose job ID matches no
job, plus the type and link properties of the jobs left without sessions.
- `Get-VBRBackupSession` loads every session in the VBR database. On a server with years of history,
this can make each run take a minute or more. The task's 30-minute limit and "don't start if
already running" setting keep that safe.
```bash
cd backend
python -m venv .venv && . .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements-dev.txt
pytest
python manage.py seed-demo # 30 days of fake history
BACKUP_DASH_SERVE_STATIC=1 uvicorn --factory app.main:create_app --reload
# → http://localhost:8000
## Testing without Veeam
`tests/MockVeeam.ps1` defines stand-in `Get-VBRJob` / `Get-VBRBackupSession` cmdlets with a mix of
success, warning, failed, running and disabled jobs:
```powershell
. ./tests/MockVeeam.ps1
./Send-VeeamBackupStatus.ps1 -ConfigPath ./my-test-config.json -DryRun
```
## Deployment (Linux, nginx)
## Not covered yet
1. Copy the repo to `/opt/backup-dashboard`, create a venv at `/opt/backup-dashboard/venv`, and run `pip install -r backend/requirements.txt`.
2. Create a `backupdash` system user, then install `deploy/backup-dashboard-api.service` into `/etc/systemd/system/` and enable it.
3. Copy `public/` to `/var/www/backup-dashboard/public`, install `deploy/nginx.conf`, get a certificate with certbot, and create users with `htpasswd -B`.
4. Run the `manage.py` commands as the service user with `BACKUP_DASH_DB=/var/lib/backup-dashboard/backup-dashboard.db`.
Back up the SQLite file with `sqlite3 backup-dashboard.db ".backup copy.db"`. Don't use a plain `cp`
while the service is running.
- Veeam Agent jobs managed by VBR (`Get-VBRComputerBackupJob`), tape jobs, and SureBackup.
- Veeam Backup for Microsoft 365, which has its own PowerShell module.
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<#
.SYNOPSIS
Reports Veeam Backup & Replication job results to the Backup Dashboard.
.DESCRIPTION
Runs on the VBR server, normally as a SYSTEM scheduled task every 15 minutes
(see Install-VeeamCollector.ps1). For every backup, replica and backup copy job it sends:
- the job's next scheduled run (drives the dashboard's Overdue flag), and
- every session from the last LookbackHours that the dashboard hasn't already received
in its final state. Running sessions are re-sent each time until they finish.
Already-reported sessions are tracked in a state file, and the ingest API is idempotent,
so a failed or repeated run is harmless: anything not confirmed is retried next time.
Compatible with Windows PowerShell 5.1 and PowerShell 7.
.PARAMETER ConfigPath
JSON config with ApiUrl, ApiKey and Tenant (optional: SourceSystem, LookbackHours).
.PARAMETER LookbackHours
Overrides the config value. Use 720 once to backfill 30 days of history.
.PARAMETER DryRun
Print the payloads instead of sending them. Doesn't touch the state or log files.
.EXAMPLE
.\Send-VeeamBackupStatus.ps1 -DryRun
.EXAMPLE
.\Send-VeeamBackupStatus.ps1 -LookbackHours 720
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[string]$ConfigPath = (Join-Path $env:ProgramData 'BackupDashboard\veeam-collector.json'),
[int]$LookbackHours = 0,
[switch]$DryRun
)
$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
$DataDir = Split-Path -Parent $ConfigPath
$LogPath = Join-Path $DataDir 'veeam-collector.log'
$StatePath = Join-Path $DataDir 'veeam-collector.state.json'
$MaxLogBytes = 5MB
$Invariant = [Globalization.CultureInfo]::InvariantCulture
# ---------- Helpers ----------
function Write-Log {
param([string]$Message, [string]$Level = 'INFO')
$line = '{0} [{1}] {2}' -f (Get-Date).ToString('yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'), $Level, $Message
Write-Host $line
if ($DryRun) { return }
if ((Test-Path $LogPath) -and (Get-Item $LogPath).Length -gt $MaxLogBytes) {
Move-Item $LogPath "$LogPath.1" -Force
}
Add-Content -Path $LogPath -Value $line -Encoding UTF8
}
function Get-ErrorText($ErrorRecord) {
# Windows PowerShell puts the HTTP response body (e.g. the API's 422 explanation) here
if ($ErrorRecord.ErrorDetails -and $ErrorRecord.ErrorDetails.Message) {
return "$($ErrorRecord.Exception.Message) $($ErrorRecord.ErrorDetails.Message)"
}
return $ErrorRecord.Exception.Message
}
# The API needs an explicit UTC offset. Veeam returns local times, often with Kind=Unspecified,
# which DateTimeOffset treats as local, exactly what we want.
function ConvertTo-IsoTime($Value) {
if ($null -eq $Value) { return $null }
$dt = [datetime]$Value
if ($dt.Year -le 1900) { return $null } # Veeam's "not set" value (e.g. EndTime while running)
return ([DateTimeOffset]$dt).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:sszzz", $Invariant)
}
function Import-Veeam {
if (Get-Command Get-VBRJob -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) { return } # already loaded
if (Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name Veeam.Backup.PowerShell) {
Import-Module Veeam.Backup.PowerShell -WarningAction SilentlyContinue # VBR 11+
} else {
Add-PSSnapin VeeamPSSnapin # VBR 10 and earlier
}
}
function Get-NextRun($Job) {
try {
if (-not $Job.IsScheduleEnabled) { return $null }
$raw = $Job.ScheduleOptions.NextRun
if (-not $raw) { return $null } # e.g. chained jobs that run "after" another job
if ($raw -is [datetime]) { return ConvertTo-IsoTime $raw }
# Older versions return a string formatted with the server's culture, so parse with it
$parsed = [datetime]::MinValue
if ([datetime]::TryParse([string]$raw, [Globalization.CultureInfo]::CurrentCulture,
[Globalization.DateTimeStyles]::None, [ref]$parsed)) {
return ConvertTo-IsoTime $parsed
}
Write-Log "Couldn't parse next run '$raw' for job '$($Job.Name)'" 'WARN'
} catch {
Write-Log "Couldn't read schedule for job '$($Job.Name)': $(Get-ErrorText $_)" 'WARN'
}
return $null
}
function Get-RunStatus($Session) {
if ([string]$Session.State -ne 'Stopped') { return 'running' }
switch ([string]$Session.Result) {
'Success' { return 'success' }
'Warning' { return 'warning' }
'Failed' { return 'failed' }
# Stopped without a result (e.g. cancelled): surface it rather than hide it
default { return 'warning' }
}
}
# Builds a readable summary: the session's reason, any task (VM/object) that didn't succeed,
# and warning/error lines from the session log.
function Get-RunMessage($Session, [string]$Status, $Tasks) {
$lines = New-Object 'System.Collections.Generic.List[string]'
try {
$reason = [string]$Session.Info.Reason
if ($reason.Trim()) { $lines.Add($reason.Trim()) }
} catch { }
foreach ($task in $Tasks) {
$taskStatus = [string]$task.Status
if ($taskStatus -and $taskStatus -ne 'Success' -and $taskStatus -ne 'InProgress' -and $taskStatus -ne 'Pending') {
$taskReason = ''
try { $taskReason = ([string]$task.Info.Reason).Trim() } catch { }
$line = "$($task.Name): $taskStatus"
if ($taskReason) { $line += " - $taskReason" }
$lines.Add($line)
}
}
if ($Status -eq 'warning' -or $Status -eq 'failed') {
try {
foreach ($record in $Session.Logger.GetLog().UpdatedRecords) {
$recordStatus = [string]$record.Status
if ($recordStatus -eq 'EWarning' -or $recordStatus -eq 'EFailed') {
$title = ([string]$record.Title).Trim()
if ($title -and -not $lines.Contains($title)) { $lines.Add($title) }
}
}
} catch { }
}
if ($lines.Count -eq 0) {
switch ($Status) {
'success' { return 'Job completed successfully.' }
'running' { return '' }
default { return "Job finished with result '$($Session.Result)'." }
}
}
return ($lines -join "`n")
}
# VBR 12+ backup copy jobs: Get-VBRJob returns the copy (policy) job, but Get-VBRBackupSession
# returns only the sessions of its hidden worker jobs, one per source job, never the policy's own.
# Each worker job records its policy in PolicyJobId, so those sessions can be filed under it.
function Get-PolicyJobId($Session, [hashtable]$KnownJobIds) {
try {
$policyId = [string]$Session.GetJob().PolicyJobId
if ($policyId -and $KnownJobIds.ContainsKey($policyId)) { return $policyId }
} catch { }
return ''
}
function ConvertTo-Run($Session, $Job) {
$status = Get-RunStatus $Session
$tasks = @()
try { $tasks = @($Session.GetTaskSessions()) } catch { }
$details = [ordered]@{
job_type = [string]$Job.JobType
vbr_server = $env:COMPUTERNAME
objects = $tasks.Count
}
$failedTasks = @($tasks | Where-Object { [string]$_.Status -eq 'Failed' }).Count
$warningTasks = @($tasks | Where-Object { [string]$_.Status -eq 'Warning' }).Count
if ($failedTasks) { $details.objects_failed = $failedTasks }
if ($warningTasks) { $details.objects_warning = $warningTasks }
try { if ($Session.IsRetryMode) { $details.retry = $true } } catch { }
# Worker session of a backup copy job: say which source job it copied
# (worker sessions are named "<copy job>\<source job>")
if ($Session.JobId.ToString() -ne $Job.Id.ToString()) {
$details.copied_from = ([string]$Session.JobName -split '\\')[-1]
}
$run = [ordered]@{
external_id = $Session.Id.ToString()
status = $status
started_at = ConvertTo-IsoTime $Session.CreationTime
message = Get-RunMessage $Session $status $tasks
details = $details
}
if ($status -ne 'running') {
$finished = ConvertTo-IsoTime $Session.EndTime
if ($finished) { $run.finished_at = $finished } # otherwise the API uses receipt time
try {
$size = [long]$Session.BackupStats.BackupSize
if ($size -gt 0) { $run.size_bytes = $size }
$dataSize = [long]$Session.BackupStats.DataSize
if ($dataSize -gt 0) { $details.data_size_bytes = $dataSize }
} catch { }
}
return $run
}
function Send-Report($Body) {
$json = $Body | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 6 -Compress
if ($DryRun) {
Write-Host $json
return
}
# Send bytes: Windows PowerShell would otherwise encode a string body as Latin-1,
# mangling non-ASCII job names (e.g. en dashes).
$params = @{
Uri = "$($Config.ApiUrl.TrimEnd('/'))/api/v1/ingest"
Method = 'Post'
Headers = @{ Authorization = "Bearer $($Config.ApiKey)" }
ContentType = 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
Body = [Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($json)
TimeoutSec = 30
}
Invoke-RestMethod @params | Out-Null
}
# ---------- Main ----------
try {
$Config = Get-Content -Path $ConfigPath -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
foreach ($key in 'ApiUrl', 'ApiKey', 'Tenant') {
if (-not $Config.$key) { throw "Config $ConfigPath is missing '$key'" }
}
$SourceSystem = if ($Config.SourceSystem) { [string]$Config.SourceSystem } else { 'Veeam B&R' }
if ($LookbackHours -le 0) {
$LookbackHours = if ($Config.LookbackHours) { [int]$Config.LookbackHours } else { 48 }
}
# Windows PowerShell 5.1 may default to TLS 1.0
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
Import-Veeam
# Session ID -> start time (Unix seconds), for sessions already delivered in their final state.
# Numbers rather than ISO strings: PowerShell 7's ConvertFrom-Json turns date strings into
# DateTimes and loses the offset.
$sent = @{}
if (Test-Path $StatePath) {
$saved = Get-Content -Path $StatePath -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
if ($saved) { foreach ($p in $saved.PSObject.Properties) { $sent[$p.Name] = [long]$p.Value } }
}
$since = (Get-Date).AddHours(-$LookbackHours)
$jobs = @(Get-VBRJob -WarningAction SilentlyContinue)
$jobIds = @{}
foreach ($j in $jobs) { $jobIds[$j.Id.ToString()] = $true }
# Get-VBRBackupSession returns every session in the database, so fetch once and bucket by job
$sessionsByJob = @{}
$policyByWorker = @{} # worker job ID -> policy job ID ('' if it isn't a worker of a listed job)
foreach ($s in Get-VBRBackupSession -WarningAction SilentlyContinue) {
if ($s.CreationTime -lt $since) { continue }
$key = $s.JobId.ToString()
if (-not $jobIds.ContainsKey($key)) {
if (-not $policyByWorker.ContainsKey($key)) { $policyByWorker[$key] = Get-PolicyJobId $s $jobIds }
if (-not $policyByWorker[$key]) { continue }
$key = $policyByWorker[$key]
}
if (-not $sessionsByJob.ContainsKey($key)) { $sessionsByJob[$key] = New-Object 'System.Collections.Generic.List[object]' }
$sessionsByJob[$key].Add($s)
}
} catch {
Write-Log "Collector setup failed: $(Get-ErrorText $_)" 'ERROR'
exit 2
}
$failures = 0
$runsSent = 0
foreach ($job in $jobs) {
$jobInfo = [ordered]@{
external_id = $job.Id.ToString()
name = $job.Name
# Always sent (null when unscheduled/disabled) so the dashboard's value tracks Veeam's
next_run_at = Get-NextRun $job
}
$pending = @()
if ($sessionsByJob.ContainsKey($jobInfo.external_id)) {
$pending = @($sessionsByJob[$jobInfo.external_id] |
Where-Object { -not $sent.ContainsKey($_.Id.ToString()) } |
Sort-Object CreationTime)
}
try {
if ($pending.Count -eq 0) {
# Keep next_run_at fresh even when nothing new ran
Send-Report ([ordered]@{ tenant = $Config.Tenant; source_system = $SourceSystem; job = $jobInfo })
}
foreach ($session in $pending) {
$run = ConvertTo-Run $session $job
Send-Report ([ordered]@{ tenant = $Config.Tenant; source_system = $SourceSystem; job = $jobInfo; run = $run })
$runsSent++
if ($run.status -ne 'running') {
$sent[$run.external_id] = ([DateTimeOffset][datetime]$session.CreationTime).ToUnixTimeSeconds()
}
}
} catch {
$failures++
Write-Log "Failed to report job '$($job.Name)': $(Get-ErrorText $_)" 'ERROR'
$httpStatus = 0
try { $httpStatus = [int]$_.Exception.Response.StatusCode } catch { }
if ($httpStatus -eq 401) {
Write-Log 'API key rejected; check ApiKey in the config. Stopping.' 'ERROR'
break
}
}
}
if (-not $DryRun) {
# Forget sessions that have aged out of the lookback window (plus a day of slack)
$cutoff = [DateTimeOffset]::Now.AddHours(-$LookbackHours - 24).ToUnixTimeSeconds()
$keep = [ordered]@{}
foreach ($id in $sent.Keys) {
if ($sent[$id] -ge $cutoff) { $keep[$id] = $sent[$id] }
}
try {
$keep | ConvertTo-Json -Compress | Set-Content -Path $StatePath -Encoding UTF8
} catch {
Write-Log "Couldn't save state file: $(Get-ErrorText $_)" 'WARN'
}
}
Write-Log ("Reported {0} jobs, {1} runs, {2} failures" -f $jobs.Count, $runsSent, $failures)
if ($failures) { exit 1 }